switchdesk | change gui |
startx -- :1 or -- :2 | start a new X-Server on the next vt (execute the command in a console and not from KDE) |
netstat -a | show ports |
netstat -rn | show routingtabelle |
ifconfig | network configuration |
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ssh -l username server | |
scp server1:/path server2:/path | copy file from server1 to server2 |
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/etc/hosts | contains ip adresse |
/etc/hosts.allow | |
/etc/hosts.deny | |
/etc/resolve.conf | |
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wget -ckxpF -erobots=off -rl0 -P download http://server.org/file.html ; zip -qr9 download.zip download ; rm -rf download
download website and save it to the zipfile download.zip wget options: c: Continue getting a partially-downloaded file k: After the download is complete, convert the links in the document to make them suitable for local viewing. x: force directories. E.g. "wget -x http://server.org/file.txt" will save the downloaded file to "server.org/file.txt" p: page requisites. This option causes Wget to download all the files that are necessary to properly display a given HTML page (images, sounds, stylesheets). r: Turn on recursive retrieving erobots=off : Make Wget ignore the robots.txt file l depth: Specify recursion maximum depth level depth P prefix: The directory prefix is the directory where all other files and subdirectories will be saved to F: When input is read from a file, force it to be treated as an HTML file zip options: q: Quiet mode; eliminate informational messages and comment prompts. r: Travel the directory structure recursively 9: slowest but optimal compression method rm options: r: delete recursive content of folder f: force, don't ask |
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linklint -concise_url -http -host www.server.org -limit 1000 -doc dir /subdir1/subdir2/@
Checks remote HTML links of "www.server.org/subdir1/subdir2/" write the output to the folder "dir". The file "dir/errorX.txt" contains the missing files. |
rpm -Uhv filename.rpm | install rpm package |
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tar -czf endfile.tar.gz files | create a archive |
tar -xvzf filename.tar.gz | extract archive |
tar -tzf libXpm-4.7.tar.gz |less | show contents of archive |
split -b 1400k filename | splits file |
for i in x??; do cat $;>>filename; done /td> | concate files to filename |
zip -r9q archive.zip fileFolder1 fileFolder2 | create archive (r(ecusive); 9=best compresion, q(uite)) |
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apt-setup | configure the source-lists of apt-get |
apt-get install packagename | installs a package |
apt-get remove packagename | deinstalla a package |
apt-get update | update your packagelist |
apt-cache search packagename | search for package in the pagakelist |
apt-get dist-upgrade | brings Debian GNU/Linux uptodate |
apt-get -t stable dist-upgrade | brings Debian GNU/Linux uptodate (only files from stable and not unstable if you have multiply sources) |
apt-get upgrade | same like "apt-get dist-upgrade", updates only the important system files |
dpkg -L packagename | print the filelist of a installed package |
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AT YOUR LOCAL PC:
apt-get update apt-get -qq --print-uris dist-upgrade > uris.txt or apt-get -qq --print-uris install PakageName > uris.txt awk '{print "wget -O " $2 " " $1}' < uris.txt > wget-script AT A FAST SERVER: transfer "wget-script" to server ./wget-script >>log.txt 2> &1 & move files to medium AT YOUR LOCAL PC: apt-get -o dir::cache::archives="/medium/" dist-upgrade or apt-get -o dir::cache::archives="/medium/" install PakageName |
use apt offline to update Debian
create in "/medium/" an empty folder "partial" the pakage files are stored in /var/lib/apt/lists/ |
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lsmod | show loaded kernel module |
modprobe module | high level handling of loadable modules |
lsmod module | list loaded modules |
insmod module.o | Install loadable kernel module |
dmesg | print or control the kernel ring buffer (verify the kernel module has been loaded) |
rmmod module | unload the kernel module |
fs sa . www_rzuser write | give "www_rzuser" write permissions |
fs sa . system:anyuser read | |
recode ibmpc:latin1 skript.pl | change encoding |
lynx -dump file.html > file.txt
w3m -dump file.html > file.txt html2text -o file.txt file.html |
convert html to txt |
html2ps file.html > file.ps | convert html to postscript |
a2ps file.txt -o file.ps | convert txt to postscript |
psnup -4 -f inputfile.ps outputfile.ps | set 4 slides onto one a4 paper for printing |
ps2ascii file.ps file.txt | convert postscript to txt |
txt2gif -t "This is a gif" > file.gif | convert txt to gif |
word2x file.doc | convert MS Word document to text |
pdflatex file.tex | convert LaTex document to pdf |
man -Thtml Command > Command.html | convert a man of Command to html |
tidy -m filname.html | Clean up webpage filname.html with HTML TIDY |
formail -D 10000 idcache -s < mboxWithDupes.mbox > mboxclean.mbox | delete duplicates in mbox file (adjust the 10000 number to limit the number of unique Message IDs stored in idcache) |
$:~/iso> md5sum -c file.iso.md5 | check if the iso image and md5 in folder iso are correct |
$:~/iso> md5sum file.iso | check if the iso image and md5 in folder iso are correct |
mount /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy -t msdos | mount floppy |
umount /dev/fd0 | umount floppy |
cat /dev/fd0 > bootdisk | creates a diskimage in the file bootdisk |
cat bootdisk > /dev/fd0 | copy the diskimage to the floppy |
mount -o loop -t iso9660 /path/to/cd.iso /mnt/image | mount cd image "cd.iso" to the folder "/mnt/image" |
mount -o remount,rw /mnt/hda1 | remount already mounted device "/mnt/hda1" with read write permission |
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chmod u+rwx filename | change file wright's (u(ser); g(roup); a(ll)) |
touch filename | creates a file |
ln -s filename linkname | create symbolic link |
du -s filenames | show how much space is used by files |
more /pro/cpuinfo | find out cpuinfo |
xset b off | put the speaker off in the console |
find /home/user/ |xargs grep -il phrase |less | print all files which contain phrase (i=ignore small big letters; l= only print filenmaes) |
xalan -VALIDATE -IN gruss.xml -XSL gruss.xsl -OUT gruss.html | convert xml file with repect to a xsl file to a html file |